Whether you’re navigating remote trails, planning multi-day treks, or just want peace of mind in the backcountry, a reliable GPS device is one of the best tools to carry. While smartphones offer some location tracking, they can’t beat the durability, battery life, and precision of a dedicated outdoor GPS.
In this guide, we’ll walk through how GPS technology works, what to look for when choosing a GPS device, how to match your pick to your adventure style, and which features are worth the investment. Whether you’re a weekend hiker or a long-haul backpacker, this article is built to help you make the right choice.
Understanding GPS: A Brief Overview
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a network of satellites operated by the U.S. government that allows receivers on the ground to calculate their precise location. Most GPS devices use signals from at least four satellites to triangulate your position in real-time.
Unlike cell phones, which rely on signal towers, GPS devices receive signals directly from satellites. That means you can navigate even in places with zero mobile coverage—mountains, deserts, forests, you name it.
Modern GPS units often support additional satellite systems like GLONASS (Russia), Galileo (EU), and BeiDou (China) to enhance location accuracy and coverage, especially in difficult terrain.
Why Use a Dedicated GPS Device?
You might wonder: “Why not just use my phone?” A fair question. Smartphones are capable, but they come with limitations:
- Signal Reliability: GPS devices don’t rely on cellular towers, so they work far beyond the reach of signal bars.
- Battery Life: Outdoor GPS units are optimized for long-term use, with some lasting 20-200+ hours.
- Durability: These devices are typically waterproof, dustproof, shockproof, and temperature-resistant.
- Precision and Features: They include barometric altimeters, 3-axis compasses, route planning, and waypoint marking—tools tailored to outdoor use.
Bottom line: for serious trips or safety-critical environments, a dedicated GPS brings another level of confidence.
What GPS Devices Do Hikers Use?
Outdoor adventurers use different types of GPS gear depending on their needs:
- Handheld GPS Units: Compact and rugged, these are ideal for hiking, backpacking, and geocaching. They offer detailed mapping, waypoint logging, and strong satellite reception.
- GPS Watches: Perfect for trail runners and minimalist hikers who want tracking without carrying another device.
- Satellite Messengers: These combine GPS tracking with emergency SOS features and satellite texting—essential for remote solo adventurers.
Trusted Brands
- Garmin: The leader in outdoor GPS. Known for reliability, innovation, and a wide range of models.
- Magellan: Offers strong budget-friendly options with easy user interfaces.
- Suunto & Coros: Popular among trail runners and mountaineers for their GPS watches.
- Satmap (UK): Known for large-screen, detailed map displays for professionals.
Key Features to Look for When Buying a GPS Device
Choosing the right GPS comes down to understanding your needs and how different features play into them. Here’s a breakdown of the top considerations:
1. Satellite Coverage & Accuracy
Look for multi-GNSS support (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo). This improves performance in dense woods, canyons, and mountainous terrain.
2. Preloaded Maps & Topography
Topo maps let you visualize terrain features like elevation, rivers, ridgelines, and switchbacks. Devices like the Garmin GPSMAP series often come preloaded with topographic maps—and let you add more.
3. Battery Life & Power Options
Long battery life matters, especially for multi-day trips. Some devices use replaceable AA batteries, which are great for resupplying on the go. Others use rechargeable lithium batteries—lighter, but you’ll need a power bank or solar charger.
4. Screen Size & Readability
Larger screens are easier to navigate, but come at the cost of size and power draw. Make sure the screen is readable in sunlight and usable with gloves.
5. Durability & Weather Resistance
Check for IP ratings—IPX7 or higher means it’s waterproof and ready for tough conditions. Shock resistance and a rugged casing are important for rough terrain.
6. User Interface
Touchscreens are intuitive, but buttons are more reliable in rain, snow, and cold. Choose based on the environments you hike in.
7. Waypoints, Routes, and Track Logging
Being able to mark trailheads, campsites, water sources, or points of interest can be a game-changer. Look for robust track logging with the ability to retrace your steps.
8. Compass and Altimeter
3-axis electronic compasses work even when the unit isn’t level. A barometric altimeter gives accurate elevation data, useful in mountainous regions.
9. Emergency Features
Devices like the Garmin inReach include an SOS button that connects you to a 24/7 rescue coordination center via satellite—no cell signal needed.
10. Bluetooth/Wi-Fi and App Syncing
Some GPS units connect with smartphones to sync routes, share locations, or back up data. Garmin Connect, BaseCamp, Gaia GPS, and AllTrails integration are major pluses.
11. Expandable Storage
If you plan to load high-detail maps or route files, look for models with microSD card support.
12. Mounting Options
Depending on your activity, mounting options vary: wrist (watch), chest strap, backpack strap, bike handlebars, or dashboard mount for overlanding.
How to Choose a GPS for Hiking: Step-by-Step
Step 1: Define Your Adventure Style
Are you:
- A weekend hiker?
- A multi-day trekker?
- A solo adventurer venturing off-trail?
- A mountain biker or overlander?
Each style demands a different set of features.
Step 2: Set Your Budget
- Under $150: Entry-level models like the Garmin eTrex 10—basic but functional.
- $150–$300: Mid-range units with topo maps, better battery life, and added sensors.
- $300+: Premium devices with full mapping, satellite comms, and rugged design.
Step 3: Decide on Must-Have Features
Consider what’s non-negotiable for your safety and comfort. Is SOS capability important? Offline maps? Long battery life?
Step 4: Choose Your Form Factor
- Handheld: Best for general hiking and backpacking.
- Watch: Ideal for runners or ultralight hikers.
- Messenger: Best for remote travel where emergency contact is critical.
Step 5: Research Performance
Check real-world reviews for satellite lock speed, interface usability, and durability.
Step 6: Consider Ecosystem Compatibility
Already use Garmin Connect, Strava, or Gaia GPS? Choose a device that integrates smoothly.
GPS vs. GPS Watch vs. Smartphone Apps: What’s Best?
| Option | Pros | Cons |
|---|---|---|
| GPS Device | Rugged, accurate, long battery | Bulky, higher upfront cost |
| GPS Watch | Convenient, lightweight | Smaller screen, shorter battery life |
| Smartphone App | Easy access, familiar UI | Fragile, limited battery and coverage |
For casual use, a smartphone app may be fine. But for backcountry safety, a dedicated GPS—sometimes paired with a GPS watch or app—offers a much better safety net.
Sustainability & Ethics: What to Know
While GPS devices are tech products, some are more eco-conscious than others:
- Choose Quality: A $300 device that lasts 5–10 years is better than replacing a $100 one every season.
- Look for Repair Options: Garmin offers battery replacement services and firmware updates, extending device life.
- Recycle Responsibly: Don’t toss old electronics. Most brands and retailers offer recycling programs.
Investing in gear built to last is better for both your wallet and the environment.
Top GPS Device Picks by Category
(Models may evolve, but these categories will remain relevant.)
- Best for Day Hikes: Garmin eTrex 32x
- Best for Backpacking: Garmin GPSMAP 67
- Best with SOS: Garmin inReach Mini 2
- Best Value: Magellan eXplorist 310
- Best GPS Watch: Garmin Instinct 2
- Best for Kids/Families: Garmin eTrex 10
- Best for Overlanding: Garmin Overlander
Use Cases and Best Practices
| Use Case | Best GPS Type | Must-Have Features | Best Practices |
|---|---|---|---|
| Day Hiking | GPS Watch/Handheld | Basic mapping, decent battery | Carry spare batteries or backup charger |
| Multi-Day Backpacking | Handheld | Topo maps, weatherproofing, long battery | Preload maps and routes before departure |
| Remote Mountaineering | GPS + Messenger | SOS, altimeter, multi-satellite support | Practice emergency use before heading out |
| Trail Running | GPS Watch | Lightweight, fast lock, fitness features | Pair with smartphone for route syncing |
| Geocaching | Handheld | Waypoint tracking, intuitive UI | Keep firmware and map databases updated |
| Overlanding/Off-Road Travel | Vehicle-Mounted GPS | Large screen, topo+road maps, SD expansion | Update maps regularly for road accuracy |
| Hiking with Kids | Simple Handheld | Easy UI, sturdy build | Teach basic navigation and wayfinding skills |
Final Thoughts: Go Far, Get Home Safe
The right GPS device is more than just a fancy gadget—it’s a vital tool for navigating the wild, building confidence in the backcountry, and making your trips safer and more enjoyable.
Take the time to think about how and where you’ll use it, and match your gear to your style of adventure. Whether you’re summiting a remote peak, hiking with your kids, or exploring off-grid trails by vehicle, there’s a GPS out there that fits.
And remember: even with the best GPS device in hand, always carry a paper map, compass, and the skills to use them. Technology is an incredible supplement to experience, not a replacement for it.
Stay safe, stay curious, and happy trails.
